In the heart of Fivizzano, the Complex of the Augustinians, founded in 1392 by Fra Giacomo da Montalcino at the request of Nicolò Malaspina, stands as a symbol of the town’s history. Once a religious and cultural landmark, the convent was suppressed in 1786 and has since served various roles, including a women’s conservatory and a cloistered monastery.

The Civic Library
Home to over 30,000 books, the library houses incunabula and ancient volumes from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, thanks in part to Jacopo da Fivizzano, a pioneer of printing with movable type.

Meteo-Museo Edmondo Bernacca
Unique in its kind, the museum celebrates Edmondo Bernacca, an Italian meteorologist, through the display of memorabilia and instruments. Bernacca was a pioneer in promoting meteorological science and raising awareness of climate issues.

Council Hall and Museum of Sacred Art
This building houses the Council Hall and the Museum of Sacred Art, located within the fourteenth-century Church of San Giovanni. The space is enriched by artworks and treasures, including the burial site of Fra Leonardo Valazzana.

The Cloister
The ancient cloister, adorned with seventeenth-century frescoes by Michele Angelo di Fivizzano, depicts scenes from the life of Saint Augustine. Restored in the last century, the frescoes enhance the charm of the Ex Convento degli Agostiniani, offering an experience that blends history, art, and culture.

The Diocesan Museum of Pontremoli, located beneath the Bishop’s Palace in one of the main squares of the village, was inaugurated on 31 January 2009 thanks to the initiative of Bishop Eugenio Binini. The aim was to preserve and promote the rich religious and artistic heritage of Lunigiana, with works originating from various churches in the area. Pontremoli, already an important centre in the 18th century, was declared a "noble city" by the Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1778 and, after separating from the Diocese of Luni and Sarzana, became an autonomous diocese. This led to the transformation of the Town Hall into the Bishop’s Palace, overlooking the square where the Cathedral is also located. The church became the Cathedral and seat of the Madonna del Popolo, a symbol of the city celebrated on 2 July.

The treasures of the diocesan museum

The museum offers a route divided into thematic sections that retrace the Christian history of Lunigiana. The first section is dedicated to the Middle Ages, illustrating the process of Christianization of the area, with objects such as the cast of the Leodgar tombstone—which "destroyed various pagan idols"—a Stele Statue, and a scale model of the churches and chapels along the Via Francigena.

The second section contains numerous sacred objects used over the centuries by the diocese, including crosses, reliquaries, vestments, and the fascinating Madonne vestite (Dressed Madonnas). At the centre of the museum stands a cast of the symbolic labyrinth, representing pilgrimage and redemption, whose original is housed in the Church of San Pietro.

The Dressed Madonnas

Among the most distinctive objects in the museum are the Madonne vestite—a unique type of statue representing the Madonna and Child with striking realism. These statues, often sculpted only for the face and hands, are completed with elaborate, colourful clothing and sometimes wigs, creating a vivid and lifelike appearance. The Madonna del Popolo, however, is unique in being fully carved, even beneath her robes.

This tradition, particularly popular in the 18th century and declining in the 20th, followed a specific ritual of dressing that could only be performed by women. Today, it is remembered and reinterpreted in the Diocesan Museum of Pontremoli, which preserves its memory.

The history of Mulazzo is deeply intertwined with that of the Marquis Malaspina, a noble family of ancient lineage who shaped Lunigiana through castles, fortified villages, and towers. The cultural and documentary heritage of this family is now preserved and promoted in the Malaspina Archive-Museum, established thanks to Dario Manfredi, who catalogued thousands of documents related to the family. The museum houses over 9,000 books, 600 periodicals, and 25,000 handwritten documents, particularly related to the navigator Alessandro Malaspina.

Opened in 2005 and located in the historic Palazzo Malaspina in Mulazzo, the Malaspina Archive-Museum is dedicated to safeguarding this cultural legacy. Alongside it are the Alessandro Malaspina Foundation, founded in 2007, and the Centro di Studi Storici Alessandro Malaspina, established in 2021. Together, these institutions promote research and the appreciation of the historical and cultural heritage of the Malaspina family.

Among the key figures of the Archive-Museum is Alessandro Malaspina, renowned for his famous transoceanic expedition (1789–1794) aboard the corvettes Descubierta and Atrevida. Commissioned by the Spanish Crown, the mission aimed to explore and document Spanish possessions. This scientific journey, one of the most significant of the 18th century, had ambitious goals: to create maps, and study regions from botanical, zoological, and mineralogical perspectives, while also gathering information on the customs and traditions of indigenous peoples.

The museum also features documents concerning some of the most influential women of the Malaspina lineage, including Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina and her daughter Maria Beatrice d'Este Cybo-Malaspina. Both were women of remarkable intellect and refinement, who shone in the Italian and European courts of the 18th century—a time when women increasingly participated in literary salons and Enlightenment-era political discourse.

The Straits of Giaredo are undoubtedly one of the natural wonders of Lunigiana—a place where the power of nature reveals itself in spectacular form. This gorge, carved by the Gordana stream, offers visitors a unique opportunity to connect with nature on a journey through a landscape that constantly transforms, unveiling evocative and unexpected scenes.

The “Valle del Torrente Gordana” (Gordana Stream Valley) is recognized as a nature reserve under Council Directive 92/43/EEC, also known as the Habitats Directive, designating this geographical area as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC).

Here, you can immerse yourself in a bucolic setting, surrounded by birdsong and the soothing sound of flowing water.

As you follow the riverbed upstream, the landscape becomes increasingly wild and captivating. Tall, colorful rock walls rise dramatically, and along the route, you’ll discover small pools of crystal-clear water and hidden corners where sunlight filters through cracks in the rock, creating dancing patterns of light on the canyon walls.

This area is protected and not equipped: respect for the environment and caution are strongly recommended when visiting.

The Meadows of Logarghena, located at 1,000 meters above sea level on the southeastern side of Mount Braiola, offer vast grasslands that stretch out like a panoramic balcony over the Magra Valley. From this vantage point, the view spans the surrounding landscape—from the majestic Apuan Alps to the peaks of the Apennines, dominated by Mount Marmagna.

In the past, these meadows were intensively used for cattle grazing—an activity that has since declined but still continues, with flocks of Massese sheep, recognizable by their characteristic dark coats, grazing here during the summer months.

Today, the Meadows of Logarghena are a popular destination for hiking, walking, and picnicking. In May, the fields are blanketed with blooming daffodils, while in late summer, they are dotted with a variety of mushrooms.

Several trails from here lead to Monte Orsaro, Monte Marmagna, and Lake Santo Parmense. Along the way, you can pass through blueberry-covered moorlands and stop at local shelters and bivouacs, including the Mattei Refuge, Tifoni Bivouac, and Mariotti Refuge.

Lake Paduli is an artificial lake located in the municipality of Comano, about 1 km from the Lagastrello Pass, on the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna. Created by a dam on the Enza stream, the lake offers the chance to spend a day immersed in unspoiled nature, surrounded by beech woods.

Near the lake’s shores, where picnic areas are also available, you may spot groups of Ventasso horses grazing freely.

From the lake, you can set off on beautiful hikes in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, such as to Lake Squincio, Rifugio Città di Sarzana, or along the Apennine ridge. To reach Lake Paduli by car, drive through Licciana Nardi or Comano, following signs for Passo del Lagastrello. Just before reaching the pass, you’ll see the lake on your right.

The magnificent Valle Oscura Bridge, located just outside Groppodalosio—a hamlet of Pontremoli along the Via Francigena—has enabled the crossing of the Magra River since 1574. Nestled in a landscape of chestnut groves and terraced slopes, the bridge features a unique and remarkably steep 16-meter arch that has withstood centuries of time and floods, remaining an enduring symbol of the area.

The bridge connects Groppodalosio to Casalina via the current route of the Via Francigena. The easiest way to reach it is from Casalina, which is accessible by car. From there, a paved path leads directly to the bridge, taking about five minutes on foot.

To fully admire the beauty of the Valle Oscura Bridge, you can also descend into the riverbed near the bridge. Exercise caution, as the rocks can be slippery, but the reward is the refreshing waters of the Magra in a truly breathtaking setting.

The Forest of Brattello, located in the municipality of Pontremoli, spans 322 hectares along the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna. This forest area, once dominated by pastures and coppice woodlands, was reforested in the twentieth century with conifers and hardwoods such as black pines, beeches, chestnuts, and turkey oaks. The forest is also home to a rich variety of fauna, including hares, roe deer, wild boars, foxes, red squirrels, and other species.

The forest is traversed by a network of trails that connect to the Grande Escursione Appenninica, the Alta Via dei Monti Liguri, and the Sentiero Italia. It also offers several routes for mountain biking enthusiasts, forming part of the Lunigiana Bike Area.

The Via degli Abati, once used by the monks of San Colombano di Bobbio on their journey to Rome, also crosses through Brattello. This historical path is partially retraced during the Abbots Way, a sporting event inspired by the monks' original itinerary.

Other fascinating features of the Brattello Forest include ancient settlements known as Capanne or Cascine, especially concentrated in the southern part of the forest—testaments to the area's rural

The Ethnographic Museum of Lunigiana, located in the ancient mill of Villafranca, offers a valuable insight into rural life shaped by the seasons and agricultural cycles. Founded in 1977, it reconstructs the daily life of Lunigiana from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. The public mill, dating back to the sixteenth century and active until the 1930s, preserves its original millstones powered by the Bagnone stream, once used to grind chestnuts, corn, and wheat.

The exhibition rooms illustrate agricultural rituals—from chestnut drying to cheese production—offering a journey through time. The museum reveals the history of amulets, “tree frogs,” and wooden cribs, including the famous cradle of Bratto. Artifacts from traditional Lunigiana cuisine and a loom used for weaving enrich the collection, showcasing the connection between craftsmanship and domestic life, and preserving the intangible heritage of Lunigiana’s stories and traditions.

The Museum of Natural History is located in Aulla, within the Brunella Fortress—an example of 16th-century military architecture, designed for defense with firearms. The fortified structure includes both external defensive features and internal residential spaces. Originally renovated as a residence by the English Waterfield family in the early twentieth century, the building was purchased by the Italian State in 1977 and repurposed as a museum.

The exhibition aims to promote the natural sciences through a comprehensive and innovative portrayal of the Lunigiana landscape. Featuring informative panels, the museum offers a diverse interpretation of a territory rich in natural and environmental significance—shaped and transformed by human activity over millennia.

The Museum of San Caprasio in Aulla, located within the Abbey complex of the same name, offers visitors insight into the history of this important crossroads along the Via Francigena. Saint Caprasio was the main spiritual guide of the oldest and most influential monastic community of the French Lérins Islands. The abbey, founded in 884 A.D., became a significant junction for pilgrims and travelers, even hosting Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, between 990 and 994 A.D. Restored after the damage caused during the Second World War, the museum showcases archaeological finds, the saint’s tomb, and relics preserved beneath the high altar.

The museum visit includes the church, the chapter house, the hall featuring sculptures by Oberto Ferlendi, and the cloister—offering an immersive journey into the abbey’s ancient history. Highlights from the 2003 excavations include coins, ceramics, capitals, the original portal, a bell-making furnace, and the Gospel of Stone by Oberto Ferlendi, adorned with winged dragons.

The “Museo delle Statue Stele” of Lunigiana, located in the Castle of Piagnaro in Pontremoli, houses a remarkable collection of artifacts from the ancient peoples who once inhabited Lunigiana. The museum was founded thanks to the efforts of Professor Augusto Cesare Ambrosi, who assembled the archaeological collection in the 1950s and 1960s with the aim of gathering all the statues in a single exhibition venue.

The Statue Stele, created between the fourth and first millennium BC, represent male and female human figures in abstract forms, carved from sandstone. These statues—distinguished by their “carabiniere hat”-shaped heads and U-shaped faces—were discovered throughout the Magra River basin. A total of 80 statues have been found and are classified into three groups based on the attributes represented in the stone.

The statues likely served a cultic or ritual function and were originally placed vertically in the ground. Many feature carved details such as eyes, faces, clothing, necklaces, and weapons.

The Museo dell'Emigrazione della Gente di Toscana, located in the Castle of Lusuolo in the Municipality of Mulazzo, is dedicated to preserving and narrating the phenomenon of Tuscan emigration around the world—currently represented by 114,000 Tuscans living abroad. The exhibition People of Tuscany tells the stories of those who chose to emigrate to distant lands, enriched by objects, documents, and video documentaries.

The exhibition includes 66 panels divided into eight sections, featuring photographs, drawings, letters, and passports that illustrate the contributions of Tuscans to the development of foreign countries. The museum also offers a library, media library, conference room, and a space for consulting audiovisual documents.

The Audiovisual Museum of the Resistance of the provinces of Massa Carrara and La Spezia, located in the municipality of Fosdinovo, is a significant site of remembrance dedicated to the Second World War and the Resistance. Both provinces, awarded the Gold Medal for Military Valor, made a major contribution to the restoration of freedom and democracy.

The museum combines oral narration with modern video projection technologies to convey the memory of historical events through the testimonies of those who lived them. Rather than being a simple collection of artifacts, the exhibition focuses on preserving and sharing personal stories. The video testimonies are organized into thematic groups that follow a chronological progression—covering the rise of fascism, Nazi massacres, civil resistance, the tragedies of war and deportation, and finally, the Liberation.

The Museum of the Memory of Bagnone offers an immersive journey into the history of the Bagnone community. Through the digitization of photographs, documents, and audio-video testimonies, the museum preserves the memory of the village with videos, stories, and images.

The Historical Archives, dating back to the seventeenth century, and the museum halls in Piazza Marconi recount Bagnone’s medieval and modern history. These are complemented by thematic routes, temporary exhibitions, and cartographic documents that connect the town’s past to the broader territory.

The Museum of Memory in Piazza Roma focuses on the twentieth century and the wave of emigration that affected the valley, highlighting the role of women and the Barsane—itinerant Bagnonese traders and migrants. It also explores the migration to the United States, with special attention given to the Bagnonese community in California.

The museum also includes a Gipsoteca, celebrating Bagnone’s artistic heritage by showcasing the preparatory plaster casts of Augusto Magli, which depict scenes of daily life and the personification of the Bagnone stream. It offers an immersive experience into the historical and cultural richness of Bagnone, giving visitors a comprehensive view of the village’s legacy in Lunigiana.

The Pieve di Santo Stefano in Sorano, located in Filattiera in the heart of Lunigiana, is a solitary church built of river pebbles that has long served as a reference point for pilgrims traveling the Via Francigena. In addition to its religious function, the Pieve is an archaeological site of great interest, bearing witness to the peoples who have inhabited the region since ancient times.

Originally a place of worship dating back to prehistoric times, the church preserves a female Stele Statue, which was used as building material and is now embedded in the presbytery step in the right aisle. The surrounding area once housed a Roman farm, likely inhabited by the Gens Suria in the 1st century BC, and was later occupied in the 7th century by the Kastron Sereon, a Byzantine military garrison.

The church also preserves the memory of Leodgar—a bishop or Lombard gastald—who contributed to the Christianization of Lunigiana by destroying stone idols and founding places of hospitality. The church was mentioned in the 10th century by Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, on his return journey from Rome. Despite its later isolation in the valley floor—following the fortification of the hill behind the town and the construction of the Church of San Giorgio between the 12th and 13th centuries—Santo Stefano di Sorano has maintained its religious functions.

Despite partial collapse in the 1990s, careful restoration work has revived this building of great historical value. The church features three naves supported by circular pillars, and next to it stands a low, squat bell tower resembling a watchtower. The apses, with pilasters and hanging arches, reveal architectural influences from northern Italy, as seen in many other buildings across Lunigiana.

Villa Dosi Delfini, a Baroque jewel of Pontremoli hidden among centuries-old cedars, brings to life over three hundred years of history. The Dosi family, present in Pontremoli since the 1400s, became a pillar of local society following the annexation of the town to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in the 1600s, investing in the territory and constructing Villa Dosi Delfini in the 1700s.

The villa, designed by Alessandro Ghirardini and Francesco Natali, is spread across three levels: the first floor is still used by the family, while the central part of the ground floor features an extraordinary hall adorned with sumptuous quadrature frescoes and nine private frescoed living rooms.

The meticulously designed outdoor spaces offer a corner of paradise, with fountains and lush vegetation. Still cloaked in mystery and charm, Villa Dosi Delfini stands as an authentic testament to elegance and history, preserved in the Baroque landscape of Pontremoli.

The Pieve di Sant'Andrea, reopened in 2011 after careful restoration, is located in the Municipality of Podenzana, in the hamlet of Montedivalli. The earliest records date back to 963 A.D., when Emperor Otto I recognized the Bishop of Luni's authority over the castrum Sancti Andree, but it was in 1148 that the building was first referred to as a “parish.”

This parish church, a significant monument in Lunigiana, features Romanesque sandstone columns with capitals carved in phytomorphic and anthropomorphic designs.

On the façade, a mysterious figure is believed to possibly represent Bishop Venantius, Bishop of Luni in the 6th century. Inside, the church holds several locally venerated objects, crafted by artisans from Sampling: the baptismal font—characteristic of ancient churches—and three 14th-century marble sculptures of Saint Peter, the Madonna with Child, and Christ in Piety.

The Fortress of Brunella, perched on the hill overlooking the village of Aulla, is a remarkable example of Renaissance military architecture, possibly with origins dating back to the 13th century and modified over time. Among the most imposing fortifications in Lunigiana, the fortress played a strategic role in controlling the main routes and mountain passes of the Apennines.

Acquired by the Italian State in 1977, it is now owned by the Municipality of Aulla and houses the Museum of Natural History of Lunigiana, which tells the story of the region and its environmental transformations.

The Castle of Castiglione del Terziere, originally known as "dei Corbellari," changed its name in 1275 to "del Terziere" because it represented a third (terziere) of the feudal possessions left by Obizzino Malaspina to his heirs. After serving as a strategic stronghold under Castruccio Castracani, Lord of Lucca, and later as an important administrative center for Florence, the castle is now privately owned.

Following a meticulous restoration, it currently houses the Center for Humanistic Studies Nicholas V and the Free Chair of Philology and Vocal Polyphony. It preserves a rich archive and library containing ancient volumes.

The Castle of Tresana, a typical Lunigiana manor, has a rich history of transformation. The original quadrangular tower, dating back to the year 1000, was expanded over the centuries with the addition of a large circular tower. In 1565, Emperor Maximilian II granted Guglielmo Malaspina the investiture, establishing Tresana as an independent fief.

The fief enjoyed the rare privilege of minting coins; however, in 1588, the Tresana Mint was implicated in counterfeiting activities, leading to excommunication by Pope Clement VIII. A turbulent period followed, marked by popular uprisings against the Malaspina family, including the assassination of Marquis Iacopo in 1650. The castle was occupied by the Spanish in 1660 and later sold—first to the Corsini princes, then to the French in 1797. After the Congress of Vienna, it was returned to the Corsini, and eventually sold to Luigi Rossi in 1856.

Until a few years ago, the castle was in a precarious state. Fortunately, in 2009, the Defendente Maneschi Foundation acquired the property, restoring it to its former splendor and making it accessible by appointment. At the foot of the fortress, the former guesthouse for pilgrims on the Via Francigena now operates as the Castello di Tresana Bed and Breakfast, open year-round. Guests have free access to the castle’s striking outdoor spaces, offering a unique experience in a beautifully restored historic setting.

The Castle of Terrarossa is a majestic residence of the Malaspina family, built in the 16th century. Designed by Marquis Fabrizio Malaspina, it features a square plan with four bulwarks, although many parts of the original project were never completed. Situated along the Via Francigena, the castle has simple exterior façades made of river and stone pebbles.

The interior includes over 40 rooms, with spacious living areas and private apartments. In the past, it also housed a silkworm farm. Following restoration, the castle now hosts the tourist information office and is used for various events.

The Malaspina Castle of Fosdinovo is an imposing structure dating back to the 11th century. Originally a fortified nucleus, the castle was later expanded with turrets and defensive towers over the following centuries. In 1340, the castle passed from the Nobles of Fosdinovo to Spinetta Malaspina, becoming the political and military center of the Malaspina family's fiefs.

Over time, the castle’s interior was transformed into a refined noble residence, decorated with beautiful frescoed rooms. Today, it is owned by the Marchesi Torrigiani Malaspina and houses a museum, a cultural center dedicated to contemporary arts, a residence for artists and writers, and a small bed and breakfast.

The museum inside the Castle of Fosdinovo offers guided tours through its main rooms, including halls frescoed by Gaetano Bianchi, the room said to have hosted Dante Alighieri, and a collection featuring coins, ceramics, weapons, and instruments of torture. One of the most intriguing stops is the room where, according to legend, the ghost of the young Bianca Maria Aloisia resides. Legend has it that she was walled up alive for defying her noble parents by falling in love with a stable boy.

In the municipality of Mulazzo, nestled among the first hills of the Val di Magra, stands the ancient Malaspina Castle of Castevoli. Founded around the year 1000 by the House of Este (Estensi), it later passed to the Marchesi Malaspina, who are said to have hosted Dante Alighieri among their guests. After becoming an autonomous fief under the rule of Tommaso Malaspina, a popular uprising brought an end to the Signoria, and the castle fell into two centuries of abandonment.

In 1990, painter and sculptor Loris Nelson Ricci, together with his wife, Swiss artist Erika H. End, began the reconstruction of the ancient castle from its ruins. After eight years of impressive restoration work, the “new” castle was inaugurated. Today, it houses numerous sculptures, paintings, drawings, and architectural projects.

The original nucleus of Pallerone, known as the Verdentro, was a fortified village. The Malaspina family played a key role in its history from 1275, particularly the Marquises Malaspina of Olivola, who held possession for centuries. In the seventeenth century, Alderano Malaspina radically transformed Pallerone by moving the main seat of the fief here and converting the castle into a stately residence.

Today, the castle is privately owned by the Malatesta family, who have restored it and opened it to the public. The large hall, adorned with seventeenth-century frescoes attributed to Stefano Lemmi, the chapel dedicated to Saint Gaetano Thiene, and the hanging garden with its Ligurian mosaic are among the main attractions of this elegant seventeenth-century residence, which is often used for both public and private events.

The Castle of Malgrate, located in the municipality of Villafranca, is an ancient fortress that overlooks the valley of the Bagnone River, distinguished by its characteristic round tower. Its origins date back to the 14th century, when it played a strategic role in controlling the roads leading from the Apennines, the Cisa Pass, and Garfagnana.

The castle, with its 25-meter-high tower crowned by a round overhang with corbels, remained under the control of the Malaspina family until the 17th century. Originally built as a defensive stronghold, the castle was partially transformed in 1641 when the central structure was converted into a palace, incorporating the round tower into its new design.

Despite its evolution into a stately residence, Malgrate still retains the defining features of a medieval fortress. The main structure includes the keep, located on the short side of the rectangular feudal palace, and is surrounded by walls with Guelph battlements, escarpments, and a walkway dating back to the 14th century.

Perched on the rocky bank of the Magra River stands the Castle of Lusuolo, an ancient defensive stronghold of Lunigiana. Today, it is open to the public and houses the Museum of Emigration of the People of Tuscany. The surrounding village, which developed along a single street, still preserves its church dating back to 1187.

Originally belonging to Corrado l'Antico, Marquis of Mulazzo, the castle became the residence of the Marchesi thanks to Azzone Malaspina. In the 15th century, it was partially demolished by the Campofregoso family, after which it was transformed into a Florentine-style residence with expanded and updated defenses. Following the annexation of Pontremoli to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the castle was abandoned, then restored in the 20th century by the Porrini family.

Its halls, kitchen, stables, and soldiers’ chapel all bear witness to its storied past. The Emigration Museum, located within the castle, tells the moving stories of Tuscans who sought fortune abroad—through photographs, documents, and memorabilia.

Lunigiana is a land rich in history and striking castles. These medieval monuments are enduring symbols of the centuries-long rule of the Malaspina family (11th–18th century), who adopted an unconventional approach to inheritance. Unlike the tradition of passing the entire patrimony to the firstborn, the Malaspina divided fiefs and power among all male heirs. This distinctive custom led to the progressive fragmentation of the territory into numerous independent fiefdoms, each with its own castle.

One of the most significant examples of this unique aspect of Lunigiana’s history is the Castle of Bastia, perched on a hill overlooking the Taverone Valley, above the village of Licciana Nardi. Owned by the Malaspina family, the castle has hosted many illustrious figures over the centuries, including Angelica Malaspina, wife of Giulio de’ Medici; Annetta Malaspina, celebrated by the poets of Arcadia; and Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, the renowned Florentine military captain.

For those eager to immerse themselves in the atmosphere of these historic sites, the Castle of Bastia offers a truly unique experience. For information about opening days, please visit sigeric.it.

The Castello dell'Aquila, an imposing fortified structure dating back to the Late Middle Ages, overlooks the medieval village of Gragnola and the confluence of the Lucido and Aulella streams. Its origins remain shrouded in mystery, and its current appearance is the result of a meticulous ten-year restoration, completed in the early 2000s.

The castle features a quadrilateral keep and three corner towers, with a raised inner courtyard enclosed by walls adorned with Guelph battlements. Once belonging to the Marquises Malaspina dello Spino Fiorito, it is one of the largest castles in Lunigiana.

During restoration work in 2004, the skeleton of a 14th-century knight was discovered—struck down by a crossbow bolt still lodged between the cervical vertebrae. This medieval enigma, involving an unnamed knight, continues to intrigue and inspire research in the fields of anthropology and forensic medicine.

Currently, the castle is temporarily closed to the public.

Pontremoli—described by Emperor Frederick II as the "key and door of the Apennines"—is dominated by its castle. The Castle of Piagnaro, built around the year 1000, was strategically positioned to control the many roads crossing the surrounding mountain passes, including the Via Francigena.

The name of the castle derives from the sandstone slabs, known as piagne, traditionally used for roofing in local architecture. The fortification, built on two levels, reveals multiple historical layers: the oldest core includes a majestic keep, while the later section dates back to the 16th century.

Now fully restored, the castle has housed the Museum of the Stele Statues since 1975, playing a vital role in preserving and promoting the cultural identity of Lunigiana.

Zeri, a municipality stretching across the borders of Tuscany, Liguria, and Emilia, offers an authentic immersion in the Apennine mountains. With its characteristic villages, traditional cuisine, and ancient customs, Zeri is the perfect destination for those seeking relaxation and mystery in the enchanting upper Lunigiana.

Among its must-see destinations is the ancient mountain village of Formentara, built in the 16th century at over 1,100 meters above sea level. It offers a mysterious atmosphere steeped in traditions now largely forgotten. The Colombara Waterfall and the Ponte dei Rumori are steeped in local legends, adding to the area's unique charm. Montelama, known as the "land of magicians," is famed for tales of witchcraft and an evocative aura that continues to fascinate lovers of the supernatural.

For food enthusiasts, Zeri offers more than just the renowned Agnello di Zeri (Zeri lamb), a Slow Food Presidium. The region also boasts exceptional mushrooms, chestnuts, potatoes, and apples.

To truly experience this timeless territory, visitors are encouraged to explore its many hiking trails—especially the Via dei Monti de Pontremolo, a recently rediscovered route that traverses the Rossano Valley within the municipality of Zeri.

Tresana, a village perched above the valley of the Osca stream—a tributary of the Magra River—is home to an imposing castle that dominates the landscape. In 1164, the Malaspina family received permission from Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to build a turris sana ("solid tower"), from which the name Tresana is derived.

This ancient castle served as a defensive stronghold, controlling the route that connected the Magra Valley to the Ligurian hinterland. In addition to the castle, Tresana also boasts the historic Church of San Giorgio, which has stood since 1470. Featuring Baroque architecture of rare beauty, the church enriches the cultural and historical heritage of this charming Lunigiana village.

Virgoletta is a medieval village perched on a hillside along the Bagnone stream, in the municipality of Villafranca in Lunigiana. The village has deep historical ties to the Malaspina family. Originally held by the Corbellari, it later passed to the Malaspina dello Spino Secco and, briefly in the 15th century, to the Genoese Campofregoso family.

Encircled by defensive walls over ten meters high, Virgoletta reveals its history along its main street through "talking portals"—stone doorways adorned with bas-reliefs depicting auspicious symbols and tools of ancient trades. The Church of Saints Gervasio and Protasio, built in 1585, houses a 17th-century altar containing relics of four saints, brought to Virgoletta from Rome in 1666. A 15th-century altarpiece by the so-called Master of Virgoletta further enriches the church’s interior.

Via Calzolari leads to the Malaspina Castle, marked by the family crest and featuring an open courtyard. The wings of the castle date back to the 16th and 17th centuries, while the original defense tower offers panoramic views over the valley. A riulin—a small covered passage or rivellino—skirts the tower, guiding visitors toward the mountains and the Sanctuary of the Madonna della Neve.

The exploration of Virgoletta concludes at the village fountains, known as the Fountains of Virgoletta, where marble-faced spouts provide fresh spring water. These fountains once served as resting stops for pilgrims traveling along the Via Francigena.

Filetto, an ancient village in the municipality of Villafranca in Lunigiana and crossed by the Via Francigena, carries in its structure and name traces of its Byzantine origins. The name derives from the Greek Fulacterion, meaning "fortified village." Its quadrangular layout, typical of late antique foundations, preserves ancient perpendicular streets and Renaissance additions, such as the picturesque Borgo degli Ariberti.

History and Feuds
From 1351, Filetto was part of the fief of Malgrate under the rule of Bernabò Malaspina. In the 17th century, the fief passed to the Ducal Chamber of Milan and later to the Ariberti family of Cremona, who contributed significantly to the village’s development. The Ariberti extended Filetto with a central street, a square, and a stately palace next to the Church of Saints Jacopo and Antonio, connected by elegant suspended bridges and arches.

The Selva di Castagni
Outside the 17th-century walls, the famous Selva di Castagni (Chestnut Grove) surrounds the Oratory of San Genesio. This sacred area, where eleven Stele Statues and two imposing Menhir have been found, has long been considered a spiritual site. The oratory itself draws both devotees and tourists, especially during the historic fair held annually on August 25. In the past, this fair focused on livestock and courtship traditions—lovers would gift birds as symbols of their engagement. Today, the fair beneath the chestnut trees is a lively summer event featuring music, local crafts, and tastings of traditional Lunigiana specialties.

The territory of Villafranca in Lunigiana offers a captivating glimpse into rural life in this historic corner of Tuscany. Surrounded by chestnut groves, oak woods, vineyards, and cultivated fields, the village and its surrounding hamlets reflect a rich medieval heritage shaped by the passage of the Via Francigena.

The historic center of Villafranca, strategically positioned near a ford of the Magra River, is home to the evocative ruins of the Castle of Malnido, built by the Malaspina family in the 12th century. Medieval walls and other fortifications, along with the Church of San Giovanni, enhance the village’s timeless charm. The Ethnographic Museum of Lunigiana, located in a restored 14th-century mill, displays agricultural tools, artisanal implements, and objects of daily and religious life—offering an authentic view of the region’s cultural history.

Villafranca in Lunigiana is also defined by its surrounding hamlets: Filetto, a medieval village with a quadrilateral layout and round corner towers; Virgoletta, a picturesque village perched above the Bagnone stream; and Malgrate, one of the region’s oldest settlements, crowned by a majestic castle.

Pontremoli, located on a plateau surrounded by hills and mountains, is the northernmost town in Tuscany and one of the most distinctive jewels of Lunigiana. The town offers a journey through history, filled with artistic heritage, monuments, medieval bridges, and cobbled streets—so much so that some historians identify Pontremoli with the mythical Apua, the ancient capital of the Ligurian-Apuan civilization.

The city is home to the Museum of Stele Statues, housed in the Castle of Piagnaro, where visitors can admire fascinating anthropomorphic sculptures dating from the Copper Age to the Roman era. The Cathedral (Duomo) features an interior lit in the "Ligurian" style, adorned with polychrome marble altars. The Campanone, a 14th-century tower, is a symbol of the city and a reminder of the historical conflicts between Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Teatro dell’Accademia della Rosa, with its Rococo architecture, is the oldest theater in the Apuan area. The Church of San Pietro, a historic stop along the Via Francigena, testifies to the passage of countless pilgrims.

Outside the city center lies the Convent of the Santissima Annunziata, a true gem featuring a magnificent temple and serene cloisters.

Pontremoli is also an ideal starting point for nature enthusiasts. The town is intersected by several historic routes—Via Francigena, Via del Volto Santo, Via degli Abati, and Via de Monti de Pontremolo—and surrounded by hiking trails and rivers offering breathtaking views of untouched nature. Just along the Magra River and the Via Francigena, in Groppodalosio, visitors can admire a picturesque Romanesque bridge from 1574. Among the area's natural wonders is the Stretti di Giaredo, a dramatic canyon carved by the Gordana stream, where the rock has been smoothed into striking formations.

Podenzana is a charming town surrounded by greenery, founded around the year 1000 on the right bank of the Magra River. It was ruled by the Malaspina family from 1306 and became an autonomous marquisate in 1536.

Among its landmarks is the Castle of Podenzana, originally built by the Malaspina, which has been demolished and rebuilt several times. The current structure, dating back to 1950, is a solemn manor with an austere façade, a decorated chapel, and an armory. On Mount Gaggio stands the Sanctuary of the Madonna della Neve, built in the 17th century and tied to a tradition of Marian apparition. In Montedivalli, the ancient Pieve di Sant'Andrea—a Romanesque jewel—overlooks three magnificent valleys.

Podenzana offers many opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts, including hiking and cycling trails through ancient chestnut groves. It’s also a must-visit for food lovers: every August, the town celebrates the Madonna della Neve with the Sagra del Panigaccio, a festival dedicated to the area's iconic dish.

Mulazzo is also renowned for the unique history of Montereggio, one of its many hamlets. Beginning in the 19th century, its inhabitants traveled across Italy with panniers full of books, founding libraries and creating generations of bookselling families.

Mulazzo itself is a charming village in Lunigiana, overlooking the right bank of the Magra River. It features a Byzantine tower, the remains of the Malaspina castle and aqueduct, several palazzotti marchionali (manorial palaces), and the Malaspinian Study Center.

Every August, Mulazzo hosts the Bancarel’VINO Prize, dedicated to wine and local products, while Montereggio celebrates the Book Festival with cultural events and literary meetings. Other villages in the area, such as Castevoli and Groppoli, preserve significant examples of fortifications and artistic heritage. Also noteworthy is the Statue Stele of Campoli.

The village of Tavernelle, located in the municipality of Licciana Nardi, lies along the ancient Via del Sale, also known as the Via di Linari, which connected the Val di Magra to the Passo del Lagastrello—the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna. The village likely owes its name to the historical presence of artisan shops and taverns that once lined this important trade route.

Tavernelle preserves a historic core with buildings dating back to the 15th century, including a tower-house—a typical fortified structure—built in 1516 by Alfonso Saffi. The village is also characterized by arcades, galleries, and sandstone structures that lend it a distinctive architectural charm.

Another point of interest is the Church of San Rocco, dating from the 16th century.

Every year in late July, Tavernelle comes alive with the Medieval Market, a lively event that draws visitors and tourists eager to experience the village’s traditions and rich history.

Taponecco, located at 610 meters above sea level in the municipality of Licciana Nardi, is an ancient hamlet nestled on the slopes of the Apennines. It is characterized by tunnels, arches, vaulted passages, and numerous stone portals. The current settlement forms a compact cluster of houses, but historically also included the nearby Apella tower, originally part of the Castle of Taponecco. Perched on a rocky spur, the tower served as a key lookout point over the Apennine range.

The first written references to Taponecco date back to the 12th century, although human presence in the area is much older, as evidenced by a Stele Statue dating from the Eneolithic period (3rd–2nd millennium BC) found near the village.

Taponecco preserves many medieval and Renaissance features, offering numerous historical and architectural points of interest. The parish church of Santa Maria Assunta, first mentioned in 1187 and shared with the village of Apella, may have originally been located within the old castle grounds.

Today, the bell tower is home to a well-known local farm, and the village continues to retain its historical charm and strong ties to the Bagnone area.

Licciana Nardi, nestled in the heart of Lunigiana and within the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines National Park, captivates nature lovers with its breathtaking landscapes. The fortified village features narrow streets filled with inns and artisan shops, while its castle has been transformed into a fortified palace.

The territory of Licciana Nardi is rich in ancient fortifications. The Castle of Monti, originally a defensive stronghold, was converted into a stately residence between the 16th and 17th centuries, blending medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque styles. The Castle of Bastia, built at the end of the 13th century to resist Apennine raids, displays an imposing structure with corner towers and characteristic Guelph cross windows. In Terrarossa, another grand Malaspina castle still guards the historic route of the Via Francigena.

Among its religious monuments, the Church of Santa Maria Assunta in Venelia-Monti stands out. Originally built in the 11th century and reconstructed in the 18th century, it retains a Romanesque apse. The Pieve di San Nicolò in Varano houses an important altarpiece by Angelo Puccinelli, a notable 14th-century painter.

Nearby, the village of Apella is worth a visit, known for its medieval tower and as the birthplace of Anacarsi Nardi, a patriot of the Italian Risorgimento. The name Nardi was added to Licciana in honor of Anacarsi and Biagio Nardi.

Ponzanello is an ancient fortified village located between Aulla and Fosdinovo, perched on a strategic hill that overlooks the surrounding valley. The earliest records of Ponzanello date back to 1185, already recognizing it as a significant settlement. It later became documented as the seat of the Bishops-Counts, housing their archive, library, and treasury.

It is believed that Ponzanello was organized as a municipality as early as 1200, making it one of the first free communes in Lunigiana. Among the village’s oldest buildings are the Church of San Martino, also known as the Old Church (12th century), and the Chapel of San Filippo Neri, or New Church (13th century).

Though the Castle of Ponzanello is not open to the public, its imposing structure still dominates the landscape. Historically, the castle was protected by four gates and even a triple set of defensive walls—evidence of its strategic and military importance.

Fosdinovo, an Orange Flag village recognized by the Italian Touring Club, is home to the majestic Malaspina Castle, built in the 13th century. The religious heritage of the town is enriched by the Parish Church of San Remigio, also dating from the 13th century, and the Oratory of the Compagnia dei Bianchi, with its Baroque façade and marble altars.

Nearby lies the fortified village of Ponzanello, founded in the 12th century, where a well-preserved wall with three access portals still stands. Its strategic location highlights the settlement’s historical role in controlling access to the Tyrrhenian coast.

The surrounding area offers a wealth of hiking and mountain biking trails, winding through the lush landscapes of the nearby mountains. A scenic route along the Via Francigena Toscana leads to Aulla, passing through Ponzanello Castle, the village of Vecchietto, and the picturesque village of Bibola. Along this path, visitors can also explore the Audiovisual Museum of the Resistance—a powerful testimony to the dramatic events of the Second World War that left a mark on this region.

Fosdinovo, with its blend of historical heritage and unspoiled nature, is a captivating and multifaceted destination—ideal for explorers, history enthusiasts, and lovers of the great outdoors.

Fivizzano is one of the most interesting villages of Lunigiana. The village acquired particular importance first with the Malaspina family in the Middle Ages and then with the Medici in the Renaissance: In 1848 it was also elevated to the Noble City by Grand Duke Leopold II of Tuscany.The historic center of Fivizzano, surrounded by walls, In 1848 it was also elevated to the Noble City by Grand Duke Leopold II of Tuscany. The historic center of Fivizzano, surrounded by walls, is dominated by the Piazza Medicea, characterized by an imposing fountain.

Fivizzano has played a significant role in the national humanistic culture. Here Jacopo da Fivizzano opened one of the first printing works in Italy, and even today you can retrace these events by visiting the Press Museum. The “Accademia degli Imperfetti”, established in 1500, marked the local cultural history, contributing to the creation of the “Teatro degli Imperfetti” in 1807. Finally, lovers of literature can visit the complex of the Augustinians with the library, the hostel and a bronze monument reminiscent of Nicholas V, Pope native of Fivizzano, creator of the Vatican library.

Near Fivizzano, in the territory of Lunigiana, stands the Castle of Verrucola. Not to be missed are the Pieve di San Paolo di Vendaso, the village of Soliera with the sanctuary of Madonna dei Colli, the hamlets of Gragnola and Vinca, famous for their landscape and the production of unique bread. The vast territory of Fivizzano, known as the "land of a hundred villages", also includes Equi Terme, a renowned spa town with its beautiful caves.

Caprio is a picturesque village located on the right bank of the stream of the same name. In the Middle Ages, it marked the border of Lunigiana's only municipality—Pontremoli—delimited by the Caprio and Teglia streams. As in other villages of the valley, one can still recognize typical features of medieval architecture, such as tower-houses and vaulted passages.

In Caprio di Sopra, embedded in a private house, there is a reproduction of a stele statue head. The original artifact, recently damaged, is now preserved at the Museum of Stele Statues in the Castle of Piagnaro in Pontremoli.

Thanks to the dedication of the village’s residents, Caprio also hosts a charming permanent exhibition dedicated to cats—an original and delightful reason to explore the village and wander through its narrow alleys.

The village of Ponticello, which developed between the 14th and 15th centuries along the Via Francigena, is one of the best-preserved medieval towns in the region.

Accessible through the oratory dedicated to Saints Rocco and Bernardo, the village features traditional stone architecture, with numerous squares, courtyards, and covered passageways—many with pointed, round, or barrel arches.

Its characteristic tower-houses were originally fortified dwellings, with entrances on the first floor and living quarters above. The name Ponticello may derive from an ancient bridge that once crossed the Oriolo River—though neither the bridge nor the river exists today.

Ponticello is experiencing a revival through initiatives such as the event I Mestieri nel Borgo, which celebrates traditional crafts and helps preserve the village’s rich history.

Filattiera is located in the upper Lunigiana, nestled among the mountains of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. The hilly, terraced landscape—planted with wheat, barley, vineyards, and olive trees—gently slopes toward the picturesque river plain of the Magra. This area of local interest features fields of fodder and corn, with the Magra River flowing through the cultivated land.

The name Filattiera is derived from Fulacterion, a Byzantine term meaning strategic fortification. The medieval village, perched on a hill to control the valley below, is home to the Church of San Giorgio, dating back to the 12th century. Inside is the Plaque of Leodegar, a marble epigraph from 752 A.D., commemorating the death of an important figure—possibly a bishop—tasked with eliminating pagan idols in Lunigiana.

The Via Francigena passes through Filattiera and the hamlet of Ponticello, a well-preserved medieval center. Ponticello is distinguished by its stone buildings, squares, courtyards, and narrow alleys, with numerous covered passages and tower houses, reminiscent of the nearby village of Caprio. Another medieval gem along the Via Francigena is the Pieve di Santo Stefano, a must-visit for its historical and architectural value.

Torsana, the highest village in Lunigiana at 935 meters above sea level, is located in the municipality of Comano and boasts a rich history tied to the tradition of stonemasonry and sandstone craftsmanship. Surrounded by mountains, meadows, and woodlands, the village features homes with fine architectural details that reflect its past.

Dominating the village is the Church of San Giacomo Maggiore, built in the 12th century, with its imposing bell tower standing as a landmark of faith and heritage. Despite a period of depopulation, Torsana is undergoing a process of redevelopment and revival.

Since 2010, the village has been part of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines National Park—an area recognized for its historical and environmental significance, and a treasure to be preserved.

Comano is a town surrounded by greenery, composed of small hamlets and a central village located along the Taverone stream. It has ancient origins, with archaeological finds and documented references dating back to the 9th century. The town was first dominated by the House of Este and later by the Malaspina family, before coming under Florentine control, which brought political and economic stability.

Among its main monuments is the cylindrical tower— the only surviving structure of the 11th-century Malaspina Castle—perched on a hill in the village. Also notable is the Pieve di Santa Maria Assunta in Crespiano, a church of Lombard and Romanesque origin, as well as the ruins of the Castle of Groppo di San Pietro. In the hamlet of Camporaghena, the tradition of stone carving is still visible in decorated portals, family coats of arms, and sculptures of grotesque figures.

Casola, originally known as Casuli in Roman times, is a small and charming village considered the gateway to the Apuan Alps Park from the Lunigiana side. Perched on a rocky spur along the upper course of the Aulella River and near the Tassonaro stream, Casola offers wild, scenic views and spans a territory that embraces both the Apennine and Apuan mountain ranges, lying along the border between Lunigiana and Garfagnana.

Once owned by the Malaspina family of Fosdinovo, Casola maintained a close connection with the community of Fivizzano from the 15th to the 19th century. In 1841, it became part of the Duchy of Modena, and in 1859 it was included in the Province of Massa-Carrara, officially adopting its current name in 1863.

The Town Hall houses the Museum of the Upper Valley of the Aulella, which features Paleolithic artifacts. Along the ancient road leading to Garfagnana stands the historic Hospital of San Nicolao di Tea. Nearby, the Romanesque churches in Codiponte and Offiano, along with picturesque villages such as Regnano, Ugliancaldo, and Castiglioncello, are all well worth a visit.

Nature lovers can begin their explorations of both the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines National Park and the Apuan Alps Regional Park from this scenic and historically rich location.

Located on the hills between Bagnone and Villafranca, the village of Castiglione del Terziere has medieval origins and was originally known as Borgo dei Corbellari. In the 13th century, it became known as Castiglione del Terziere, as it represented a third (terziere) of the feudal estates left by Obizzino Malaspina to his heirs. In 1451, it came under the control of the Republic of Florence, becoming the political center of reference and the seat of the Captaincy of Justice in the region.

The village is dominated by the Castle of Castiglione del Terziere, which dates back to the 6th–7th centuries. It was renovated in 1351 by Franceschino Malaspina and, in more recent times, by philanthropist Loris Jacopo Bononi. During the rule of Castruccio Castracani, lord of Lucca, the castle reached the height of its importance, becoming a strategic stronghold in his attempt to unify Lunigiana, Garfagnana, Versilia, and Lucchesia into a single state.

Other notable monuments include the original church built in the 16th century, which was abandoned in 1783 and replaced by the new Church of San Leonardo in 1787. Also located in the village is the former Convent of the Santissima Annunziata, built between 1501 and 1508, later entrusted to the Servite Fathers and now restored.

Bagnone, a small town in the upper Lunigiana, is nestled among streams and the peaks of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. The name of the village derives from the stream that once flowed near the castle, the original nucleus of the settlement, which still retains its medieval character. First mentioned in a document from 963, Bagnone became the seat of a vicariate under Florentine rule in the 15th century. It developed along the stream with a market village originally called Gutula.

Located in the valley of the same name, Bagnone is an excellent starting point for exploring the nearby villages and surrounding nature. Its natural and cultural heritage is protected and promoted by the Natural and Cultural Park of the Bagnone Valley, housed within the Museum Archivio della Memoria.

Nearby, the charming village of Treschietto is well worth a visit for the impressive ruins of its castle, perched above a ravine. Another must-see in the area is Castiglione del Terziere, once the seat of the Florentine Captaincy, beautifully restored and brought back to life by Loris Jacopo Bononi.

Albiano, located on the right bank of the Magra River, is an ancient village historically connected to the control of the Via Francigena, near the present-day border with Liguria. First mentioned in 1256, it was once the site of a bishop’s castle, now incorporated into the village walls. Originally part of Malaspina territory, it became part of the Republic of Florence in the 15th century.

Among its monuments are the Church of San Martino Vescovo, dating from the 18th century and featuring a separate bell tower, and the Oratory of Sant'Antonio Abate, which dates back to the 16th century. Local traditions continue to celebrate the village's history through events like the medieval re-enactment Albiano 1266 in June, and a living Nativity scene in December.

Bibola is an ancient village perched on the hills south of Aulla, overlooking and controlling the Aulella Valley. During the Byzantine period, in the early 7th century, Bibola was mentioned in the itinerary of the Anonymous Ravennate, which listed a series of fortifications along the route from Luni to Lucca. These included Pulica, Bibola, Rubra (now Terrarossa), and Corneda. It is believed that Bibola was one of the Byzantine kastrons (fortified settlements) built to defend the port of Luni. The Byzantine settlement likely occupied the area where the remains of the Malaspina castle and its tower now stand.

In the Middle Ages, Bibola was connected to the nearby castle of Burcione—now lost—both positioned to control a variant of the Via Francigena. Fortifications throughout the Magra Valley, including those in Bibola, communicated via smoke signals and mirrors from tower to tower, linking Bibola with Filattiera, Grondola, and the castles of Bastia, Monti, Lusuolo, and Castiglione del Terziere.

The village of Caprigliola, in the municipality of Aulla, is located on a hill near the Magra River, from where it historically controlled the trade routes leading to the port of Luni and Bocca di Magra.

In 1556, following the annexation of Caprigliola, Albiano, and Stadano by the Republic of Florence, Cosimo I de’ Medici ordered the construction of fortified walls around the village, further emphasizing its strategic importance. The imposing walls, the 15th-century gate, Medici coats of arms, and stone portals remain well preserved to this day. Dominating the upper part of the hill is the bishop’s complex, featuring the 18th-century Church of San Niccolò.

Caprigliola is also known for the striking light display held in honor of its patron saint, the Madonna del Buon Consiglio. During this celebration, the village lights up like a great ship suspended in the dark. The village is equally celebrated for its literary spirit, with Versi Murati—poems etched into the walls—forming a unique poetic path through its streets. Caprigliola also lies within the DOC area of the Colli di Luni, adding to its cultural and scenic charm.

The medieval village of Pallerone stands as a historic jewel on the banks of the Aulella stream, in the heart of Lunigiana. Strategically located between the Abbey of San Caprasio in Aulla and the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, this picturesque village offers a true journey through time.

Origins of the village

The Verdentro, an ancient castrum, is steeped in legends, including that of Palero, the village’s legendary first inhabitant. The fortified walls and the castle—transformed by Alderano Malaspina in the 17th century—attest to the lasting influence of the Malaspina family, who ruled Pallerone from 1275.

Alderano's Renovation

The urban renewal led by Alderano marked a turning point in Pallerone’s history. The seat of the fief was moved from Olivola to Pallerone, and the castle was transformed into a noble residence. Though the French Revolution brought a period of turmoil, the Malaspina family maintained control until the abolition of the fiefs in 1811.

Aulla is located in the heart of Lunigiana, at the confluence of the Magra and Aulella rivers. In ancient times, the village was an important crossroads along the Via Francigena—a hub for pilgrimage and trade, as well as a strategic point for defending the roads connecting Lucca and Liguria to the Cisa Pass.

Aulla is home to the ancient Abbey of San Caprasio, built in 884, which now hosts the Museum of the Pilgrim. The museum displays artifacts from recent archaeological excavations, including the tomb of the saint. Another notable monument is the Brunella Fortress, built in the 16th century, a prime example of Renaissance military architecture that currently houses the Museum of Natural History.

Beyond Aulla's historic center, visitors can explore charming hilltop villages such as Bibola (7th century), with the remains of a powerful castle, and Caprigliola (12th century), distinguished by its elegant cylindrical tower. In the hamlet of Pallerone, in addition to the castle, one can admire a captivating mechanical nativity scene—one of the oldest in Italy—alongside a museum dedicated to traditional nativity displays.